World ocean power resources. Energy of waves.

The idea of reception of the electric power from sea waves has been stated in 1935 to the Soviet scientists Tsiolkovsky.

At the heart of operation of wave power stations influence of waves on the working members executed in the form of floats, pendulums, blades, covers, etc. Mechanical energy of their movings by means of electrogenerators lays will be transformed to the electrical.

Now wave energy installations are used for power supply of independent buoys, beacons, scientific devices. In passing large wave stations can be used for wave-protect the sea chisel platforms, open spot-checks, mariculture economy. Industrial use of wave energy has begun. In the world already about 400 beacons and navigating buoys receive a food from wave installations. In India from wave energy the floating beacon of port Madras works. In Norway since 1985 the first-ever industrial wave station with power of 850 kw reacts.

Building of wave power stations is defined by an optimum choice of water area of ocean with a stable reserve of wave energy, an effective construction of station which devices of smoothing of a non-uniform regime of agitation are built in. It is considered, that effectively wave stations can work at use of power about 80 kw/m. Operating experience of existing installations has shown, that the electric power developed by them while in 2-3 times is more expensive traditional, but in the future the considerable decrease of its cost is expected.

Installations with the pneumatic converter

In wave installations with pneumatic converters under the influence of waves the airflow periodically variates the direction to the anatropic. Wells's turbine which rotor possesses straightening action also is developed for these conditions, preserving invariable the direction of the rotation at gang of a direction of an airflow, hence, is maintained invariable and a direction of rotation of the generator. The turbine has found wide application in various wave energy installations.

Wave power installation "Kai Mei"

Wave power installation "Kai Mei" ("Sea light") - the most powerful reacting power installation with pneumatic converters - is constructed in Japan in 1976 It uses agitation in height to 6 - 10 m. On the barge in length of 80 m, width 12 m,

In height in a nasal part of 7 m, in fodder - 2,3 m, are established by displacement of 500 tons 22 air chambers open from below; each pair of chambers works on Wells's one turbine. The general power of installation of 1000 kw. The first tests have been spent in 1978 - 1979 near the city of Tsuruoka. Energy was transferred to a shore on a submarine cable in length about 3 km,

The Norwegian industrial wave station

In 1985 in Norway in 46 km to the northwest from the city of Bergen the industrial wave station consisting of two installations is constructed. The first installation on island Toftestallen worked by a pneumatic principle. It represented the reinforced-concrete chamber, buried in a rock; over it the steel tower in height of 12,3 mm has been established and in diameter 3,6 m. waves Entering into the chamber created change of volume of air. The arising stream through system of valves resulted in rotation the turbine and the generator bound to it power of 500 kw, the annual development compounded 1,2 million kWh the Winter storm in the end of 1988 a station tower has been blasted. The project of a new tower from ferro-concrete is developed.

The construction of the second installation consists of the conoidal canal in gorge in length about 170 m with concrete sides in height of 15 m and width in the establishment of 55 m, entering into the reservoir between the islands, abjointed from the sea levees, and weirs with power installation. Waves, driving on the narrowed canal, increase the height with 1,1 to 15 m and join the reservoir the area 5500 sq. m, which level on 3 m above sea level. From the reservoir water drives through low pressure water-wheels power of 350 kw. The station annually effects to 2 million kWh the electric power.

English "Molluscum"

In the Great Britain the original construction of wave power installation of phylum "molluscum" in which as working members soft covers - chambers in which there is air under pressure are used, a little big the atmospheric is developed. By an uprush of waves of the chamber are cramped, the landlocked airflow is formed of chambers in a skeleton of installation and anatropicly. On a stream path Wells's air turbines with electrogenerators are established.

Experiment floating installation from 6 chambers strengthened on a skeleton in length of 120 m and height of 8 m. Expected power of 500 kw is now created. The further minings have shown, that the greatest effect gives a location of chambers on a circle. In Scotland on lake the Oleaster-ness the installation consisting of 12 chambers and 8 turbines, strengthened on a skeleton in diameter of 60 m and height 7 m. Theoretical power of such installation to 1200 kw has been tested.

Wave raft Kokkerel

For the first time the construction of a wave raft has been patented in the USSR in 1926 In 1978 in the Great Britain tests of experiment models of ocean power stations in which basis similar solution lays were conducted. Wave raft Kokkerel consists from a hingedly of the coherent sections which moving rather is each other transferred to pompes with electrogenerators. All construction is retained on a place by anchors. Three-section wave raft Kokkerel in length of 100 m, width 50 m and height 10 m can give power to 2 thousand in kw.

In the USSR the model of a wave raft was tested in 700th on Black sea. It had length of 12 m, width of floats of 0,4 m. On waves in height of 0,5 m and in the length 10 - 15 m installation educed power of 150 kw.

"Salter Duck"

The project known under the name "Salter Duck", represents the converter of wave energy. A working construction is the float ("duck") which profile it is calculated under hydrodynamics laws. In the project adjustment of a considerable quantity of the large floats consistently strengthened on general to a shaft is provided. Under the influence of waves floats come to locomotion and come back in a starting position force of a body weight. Pompes in the shaft filled with specially prepared water are thus put in action. Through system of tubes of various diameter the difference of pressure actuating the turbines, established between floats and the seas lifted over a surface is created. The developed electric power is transferred on a submarine cable. For more effective allocation of loads to a shaft it is necessary to establish 20 - 30 floats.

In 1978 the model of installation in length of 50 m has been tested, consisting of 1 m. the Developed power have compounded 10 kw of 20 floats in diameter.

The project of more powerful installation from 20 - 30 floats in diameter of 15 m strengthened on a shaft, by length 1200 m. Prospective power of installation of 45 thousand in kw is developed.

Similar systems are established at the western shores of British isles, can provide requirements of the Great Britain for the electric power.