World ocean power resources. Energy of inflow.

Use of energy of inflow has begun in XI century for operation of mills and sawmills on shores of White and northern seas. Till now similar constructions serve inhabitants of some the neritic countries. Now researches on building of tidal power stations (TPS) are conducted in many countries of the world.

Two times a day at a time level of ocean that rises, is lowered. These are gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun draw to itself water masses. Far from a shore of fluctuation of a water level do not exceed 1 m, but at the shore they can reach 13 m, as, for example, in the Penzhinsky lip on sea of Okhotsk.

Tidal power stations work by a following principle:

In a mouth of the river or a bay the weir in which case hydrounits are established is under construction. Behind the weir the tidal basin which is filled with the tidal flow driving through the turbines is created. At outflow the water stream directs from basin in the sea, rotating turbines in the opposite direction. It is considered economically expedient building TPS in areas with tidal fluctuations of a sea level not less than 4 m. Designed capacity TPS depends on character of inflow around station building, from volume and the area of tidal basin, from number of the turbines established in a body of the weir.

In some projects are provided two-and more basin schemes TPS for the purpose of levelling of a development of the electric power.

With building of the special, capsular turbines reacting in both directions, new possibilities of increase of efficacyy TPS under condition of their incorporation in a uniform power system of region or the country were discovered.

At coincidence of time of inflow or outflow to the season of the greatest power consumption TPS works in a turbine regime, and at coincidence of time of inflow or outflow to the least power consumption of turbine TPS or disconnect, or they work in a pumping regime, filling basin above the level inflow or bailing from basin.

Ten years' operating experience of the first TPS has allowed to start designing Mezensky TPS by the White sea, Penzhinsky and Tugursky on sea of Okhotsk.

Use of great forces of inflow and ebbtides of the World ocean, even ocean waves - an interesting problem. Its solution just start. Here much should be studied, invented, designed.

TPS Rance

In 1966 in France on river Rance the first-ever tidal power station is constructed, 24 which hydrounits develop on the average for a year

502 million in kw. Hour of the electric power. The tidal capsular unit is developed for this station, allowing to carry out three straight lines and three anatropic operating modes: as the generator, as the pompe and as a water throughput foramen that provides effective exploitation TPS. On estimations of experts, TPS Rance it is economically justified. Annual costs of exploitation more low, than on hydroelectric power stations, also compound 4 % of capital investments.